Colon Cancer – Its Stages III and IV
When suffering from cancer, the location, type, and spread of cancer determine which stage it is at. In stage III, the cancer does not spread to distant lymph nodes (M0) but it does spread to the nearby lymph nodes. This stage has classifications based on the N and T components. Stage IIIA Stage IIIA has two variations. The first is a score of T1/T2 N1/N1c M0. This indicates that cancer has grown through the mucosa and into the submucosa (T1) or even further into the muscularis propria (T2). The N component indicates that cancer has affected either the fat near the lymph nodes or only one to three of the nearby lymph nodes. The second variation has a score of T1 N2a and M0. This indicates that cancer has grown through the mucosa and into the submucosa (T1) and spread to four to six nearby lymph nodes (N2a). Stage IIIB Stage IIIB also has three variations T3/T4a N1/N1c M0, T2/T3 N2a M0, and T1/T2 N2b M0. The M0 indicates that in this stage cancer has not spread to the distant lymph nodes. T3 indicates that cancer has grown into the outermost layers of the colon or rectum while T4a is cancer through the visceral peritoneum.