Multiple myeloma is a condition of the blood where an abnormal protein is formed. If left untreated, it often leads to blood cancer, and this is known as multiple myeloma. It’s the abnormal protein production in the soft, blood-producing tissues found in the center of one’s bones.

The different stages of multiple myeloma come into the picture to detect the seriousness of the condition. The abnormal conditions of the blood often overpower the healthy blood cells and cause life-threatening conditions. The staging of multiple myeloma is critical to address symptoms and the severity of the complication.

The different stages are:

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
This is a condition where a protein called monoclonal protein or M protein forms in the bone marrow. The white blood cells called plasma cell dyscrasias make this abnormal protein build-up in the bone marrow. The condition generally has no adverse effects. However, individuals with MGUS are at some risk of developing various bone-related and bone marrow diseases. One of them could be blood cancers like lymphoma or multiple myeloma. Healthy blood cells get worn out when M protein starts multiplying rapidly. It can lead to tissue damage throughout the body. Regular tests are recommended for individuals diagnosed with MGUS. These include:

• Detailed blood tests
• 24-hour urine protein tests
• Imaging tests
• Bone marrow biopsy

Asymptomatic (smoldering/indolent) myeloma
An important stage among the different stages of multiple myeloma is asymptomatic myeloma. The name means that there are hardly any symptoms. There can be a significant number of plasma cells in the bone marrow with a high level of M protein in the blood or urine. This condition hardly causes any damage to the body though there are some signs of anemia. The condition can be stable for a number of years but can progress if left untreated for a long time. Regular monitoring and tests are recommended for patients showing even slight symptoms.

Symptomatic (active) myeloma
An individual with this condition has a significant amount of myeloma cells compared to others with asymptomatic myeloma or MGUS. Among the different stages of multiple myeloma, this condition represents evident cancer. This stage causes severe damage to the entire body. These often include damages including bone damage, kidney issues, anemia, and hypercalcemia. A treatment at the earliest is advisable in case of patients showing symptoms of symptomatic myeloma. This condition indicates:

• The presence of high, abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow
• Severe damage to multiple organs, including several bone diseases, low levels of red blood cells, and chronic kidney diseases
• An MRI scan showing more than one lesion of the bone or the bone marrow

Relapsed myeloma
Myeloma can respond well to treatments and reduce significantly. It can also go away completely when abnormal cells remain at a low level. It is pretty stable, but myeloma can often come back with a rise in M protein levels. This final stage among the different stages of multiple myeloma is called relapsed myeloma. Specialized treatment is usually recommended depending on one’s situation and the period they are in remission. One’s current health and fitness levels are also monitored closely.